(On one source of the non-Hellenic portion of the Latin language, by the Rev. This comparison has been made, to some extent, for the Cumri, by Archdeacon Williams, who is well acquainted with the Welsh language. There is no ancient language of Italy, except the Latin, of which we have any competent knowledge and there is no ancient language now known, with which we can compare the Latin and the names in the Italian peninsula, except the Basque, the Cumri, and the Gaelic dialects. There are no means of approximating to a solution of this question, except by a comparison of the old Italian languages with the existing Cumri (Welsh), or with the Gaelic, and by an examination of the names of the mountains, rivers, and other natural features of the Italian peninsula, which we may assume to be the oldest historical records that exist of the inhabitants of Italy. Nor do we know who the Galli Veteres were but we may suppose that these writers meant a nation of Galli who were in Italy before the Galli who crossed the Alps at a later period. It appears, then, that some of the Roman men of letters believed that the ancient nation of the Umbri were Galli Veteres but we know nothing of the facts which led to this conclusion. 12.753), using nearly the same words as Solinus, refers to Marcus Antoninus as his authority, by which name is meant M. Cornelius Bocchus proved that the Umbri were of the stock of the Galli Veteres. We have no historical evidence of the emigration of the Galli into Italy before the time that Livy mentions but there was a tradition, partially preserved, that this was not the first time that the nation appeared south of the Alps.
The fact that the Romans gave the name of Gallia to the chief part of the basin of the Po, and the name of Galli to the people, would be some evidence of the identity of the Galli north and south of the Alps. We may conclude that the term Gallia Cisalpina was not used by the Romans before they were acquainted with Gallia Transalpina and that the oldest name of North Italy among the Romans was simply Gallia. He comprehends this Celtice or Galatia in the geographical term Italia, and describes it as a part of the Italian peninsula. Transalpini to the Galli north of the Alps, and explains it (3.15) as a term in use in his time, he does not use the word Cisalpini, or any equivalent Greek word. Polybius names this country both Κελτική and Γαλατία (3.77, 87) but though he applies the Latin word Eth. Livy ( 21.35) calls the plains about the Po “Circumpadanos campos.” Walckenaer conjectures that the names Gallia Circumpadana, Transpadana, and Cispadana are older than the term Gallia Cisalpina and if he could prove that all these terms were used, we might accept his hypothesis. 100.20) calls it ἡ περὶ Πάδον Γαλατία but there is no Latin authority for the name Circumpadana. 2), a term which implies Cispadani, or the inhabitants south of the Po but there does not appear to be any Latin authority for the word Cispadani.Īmong the various names by which the Greek writers designate this country, some are simply descriptive of its geographical position, and others represent the Roman names. The inhabitants north of the Po were sometimes called Transpadani ( Cic. The name Gallia Togata, applied to Cisalpine Gallia which occurs in the eighth book of the Gallic War (8.24, 52), and in later writers, was given at some time after the country was settled by the Romans, and it indicated the numerical superiority of the Togati or Romans over the Gallic population. Ulterior Gallia was also used sometimes generally, to signify all Gallia north of the Alps. 1.33) or the further, which in Caesar means the Provincia. The name Cisalpina denoted Gallia south of the Alps, as opposed to Transalpina Gallia, or Gallia north of the Alps and Citerior is the nearer Gallia, as opposed to Ulterior ( Caes. 1.10, 54 2.35) sometimes includes Gallia Cisalpina under the name Italia but he then uses the term in a geographical, and not in a political sense. 12.5), is the name which the Romans gave to North Italy as late as the time of the dictator Caesar and Cicero, and even to B.C.
6.1), also called GA´LLIA CITE´RIOR ( Caes. GA´LLIA CISALPI´NA GA´ LLIA CISALPI´ NA ( Caes.
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